Community Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community Persuasion - Essay Example Additionally, the likelihood of parents to maintain a positive parenting image within the community is high when they greatly involve themselves in the community matters. Having lived in Huntsville community since I was born, I find there is a need for parents Huntsville to take responsibility for their children’s development in order to provide a successful future for them. This essay will seek to argue about the responsibility of parents on their children’s development and successful future. Even though it requires a lot of effort and commitment, it is essential for parents to design an enhanced, sensitive, and responsive parenting behavior which incorporates the aspect of constant parent/child interaction. I rest my case on this issue by declaring that legacy for children has a pilot study phase wherein it brings about a sense of community on both children and parents. For a greater and successful future, parents should take part in legacy intervention activities whi ch include cognitive and verbal stimulation. These intervention activities involve parent and parent to parent to child group meetings, participation in community activities/events, and visits to homes. Sensibly, this kind of interaction between children and their parents is what Huntsville needs because it serves as groundwork for a successful future life for the children since majority would try to copy their parents’ actions. Certain members of Huntsville claim that, parents only have the responsibility to bring up children until they are either two or three years old. However, such community members tend to forget that parents and guardians have a huge part to play in not only growth, but also in the development of a child. This is so because; children require guidance, principles, and strength in order to shape their future accordingly. As such, if they happen to lose parental figure, their chances of having a disoriented development and future are high. In view of this vein, I stand to advocate for children’s legacy by pointing out that children need parental guidance and support until they are at least eighteen. The first five years from their birth are very cognitive therefore, parental intervention at all times is also very pragmatic. I have heard some parents in this community speak of influence of other significant problems on children. They indicate that, no matter how they try to take responsibility for the development of their children, other significant problems crop up. As a result, they happen to lose sight of their overall goal and role in their children’s development and future accomplishment. Nonetheless, I would like to prove to you and the rest of the community members that such claims are just philosophical and aid to nothing when parents become keen on their children’s development and success in the future. Attributively, parents can bring out a positive influence on children and their development even when t here are other significant problems in their lives. Overly, the quality of relationship shared between and among a parent, child, and the community is very important when compared to any other parenting practice. Hence, in order to ensure that other significant problems do not interfere with the development of a child’s development and his or her subsequent, future success, it is vital for parents to understand that successful parenting style involves insightful and thoughtful decisions

Meaning of Working Capital Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Working Capital Essay Working capital refers to the part of total capital which is required for day to day working of the business. The funds are required by the business for conducting its regular operations such as purchase of raw materials of finished goods, payment of wages manufacturing expenses, office and administrative expenses, selling distribution expenses. The funds necessary for making such regular payments of business is called Working Capital therefore have been defined as â€Å"the amount of funds necessary to cover cost of operating the enterprise. † The working capital of a business enterprise is measured on the basis of its funds locked up in various current assets such as inventors, accounts receivables and cash bank balance. 2.2 Definition of Working Capital– Various authorities have difined working capital in following manner. (1)â€Å"Working Capital is the amount of funds necessary to cover the cost of operating the buisness enterprise.â€Å"(Shuibn) (2)â€Å"Working Capital is the difference between the book value of the current assets.and the current liablities.â€Å"(Hoagland) 2.3 Circulating Capital– â€Å"Circulating capital means current assets of accompany that are changed in the ordinary course of business from into another, as for example from cash to inventories, inventories to receivables and receivables into cash.† Cash Raw Receivables Materials Finished goods Work-in-progress 2.4. Classification of Working Capital 1. Gross Working Capital5. Variable Working Capital 2. Net Working Capital 6. Balance Sheet Working Capital 3. Negative Working Capital 7. Cash Working Capital 4. Permanent Working Capital 2.5. Sources of Working Capital- The following are the some important of the sources of working capital.

Solomon Essay -- essays research papers

The biblical account of Solomon’s reign contains criticisms; these criticisms illustrate the date of the narrative. Solomon was looked upon as a ruler of peace and welfare. He inherited his throne at a young age from King David. The land he inherited in 970 BC, Israel, ran all along the Mediterranean in the west, up to the Euphrates River in the north, and down all the way to the desert in the south and east.(George Konig, 68) Solomon did not expand his territory any further; rather he built alliances with surrounding countries and developed trade. The traditional powers of the ancient world, the Egyptians and the Hittites, and the empires yet to appear, Assyria and Babylon, were not aggressive during either David’s or Solomon’s rule.(George Konig, 68) David had expanded Israel’s sphere of influence by war; Solomon was a diplomat, who held what his father had gained. During Solomon’s reign, Israel’s wealth and power diminished. Solomonâ€⠄¢s broad-mindedness weakened Israel’s wealth and power. (Anderson, 241) Solomon wrote thousands of proverbs and songs and he is commonly known for his wisdom. His proverbs and songs were what made him known as man of peace and kindness. He however, soon did not stay true to his own writing, his life became promiscuous and materialistic. "Every part of the book bears the mark of foreign influences ... The close connection between the first part of the Thirty Sayings with Egyptian Wisdom ... is only a special instance."(J.C. Rylaarsdam, 444) The gift Solomon requests is the wisdom to govern well. Yahweh is so pleased that he gives Solomon more than he has asked for: he will receive unparalleled wisdom (v. 12) and, with it, wealth and fame (v. 13). The story of Solomon’s dream has been expanded editorially by the insertion of certain materials lacking in the parallel version of the event in 2 Chron. 1:3-13, which seems to have escaped Deuteronomistic editing. Thus, 1 Kings 3:6 has been elaborated to connect Solomon’s succession to David’s throne with the dynastic promise in 2 Samuel 7; 1 Kings 3:14 has been added to qualify Yahweh’s promise; and v. 15 has been altered to shift the place of sacrifice from Gibeon to Jerusalem. (1988) In Judgment of Solomon the account of the divine gift of wisdom is followed by an example of its practical application. The sagacity with which Solomon arbitra... ...ve much to live on and their ruler was wrapped up in his own life and in making himself happy. It was a time when the monarchy was being weakened by the monarch. Solomon was criticized for not being like his father, a great military King. Work Cited A.S. Herbert. Ruth. Black & Rowley Editors. Peake’s Commentary on the Bible. Routledge Co. Ltd. 1962. B.W. Anderson. Understanding the Old Testament. Fourth Edition. (Upper Saddle River, NJ.)1986. Konig, G. Solomon (King): About Bible Prophecy. 2001-2005. Solomon. 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Kings (books of Bible). 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. The Reign of King Solomon. 2005. http://www.medialdea.net/historyguy80538/kingsolreign.htm

Marketing Smoke Out Essay

Many products have been sold in the market offering to stop a smoker from smoking. However, many of these products have failed. The main reason is that the body has been addicted to nicotine. Thus, the body craves for a stick and a stick and a stick and a stick and so on and so forth of cigarette to quench the body’s desire for the deadly nicotine. The following paragraphs explains how the new product Smoke out will finally fill the smokers’ desire to stop their smoking habit dead in its tracks. a. What is the product name? Describe the product. 2 pts. The new product is   smoke out. The product looks like a real cigarette stick. At one end of the cigarette has drawn to look like it has been lighted. And, at the other is a cigarette butt that feels like the real cigarette but. The cigarette butt which enters the smokers’ mouth has been filled with medicine. This medicine tastes and smells like a real cigarette smoke. However, The best advantage about this cigarette is that the smoker does not cut his habit of smoking entirely. For, he continues to smoke the smoke out in order to comply with his habit of smoking. Only, this time, a non smoking medicine is swallowed by the cigarette and cigar smokes that smells and tastes like smoke but the medicine actually mixes with the smoker’s blood and neutralizes the nicotine that is already in the smokers’ body. For, nicotine is an addictive chemical that sparks the human body’s craving to smoke another cigar or cigarette. For, many people have developed this smo king habit many years back. And they feel that stopping the smoking habit is a gargantuan task (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 1). B1. Explain how you are segmenting the market. 5 pts. The market segment is the smoking public. This segment includes people who smoke from the earliest possible age to the oldest possible age. Also, this segment includes all the male and female genders. Likewise, this segment includes all smokers in the all economic classes. Meaning the poor, the rich, the averagely rich and the extremely rich and buy this new product out in the market called Smoke out. In addition, this product will be sold to people of all religions. This product will zoom in to the African American customers, the White Americans, the Americans of European descent, the Americans of East Asian descent, the Americans of East. Likewise, the market segment will include the Mexicans, the Canadians, the South American descent. The above segment will be implemented in order not be branded as a discriminator of customers. This segment will first be test piloted in the Los Angeles, California area in January of 2008. This will continue until March of 2008. Next, the second phase of the product launch of Smoke out the product will be launched in June of 2008 if the test here will produce enough profits to merit continuing to the next phase. However, if the results of the first phase in Los Angeles California will not be successful because the sales generated will not exceed the total amount of marketing expenses, the administration expenses and the cost of raw materials, direct labor and factory overhead in producing the Smoke out product (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 1). B2. Why did you choose this method of customer segmentation? Be specific. 2 pts. This market segmentation give the best results at lesser expenses. For, the company’s selling only in the Los Angeles market is similar to injecting a new drug into rats as guinea pigs to determine if the drug will cure cancer or eliminate diabetes. This is the first phase of the market segmentation in the drug manufacturing and selling business. And, this phase one will now move on to phase two of the experimentation if the drug test shows that the drugs will be cure the cancer   or diabetes in the rats. However, the drug testing will not continue to phase two of the medical experimentation if the drug does not cure the cancer or diabetes. Obviously, phase two will continue if the drug shows that the drug can cure cancer and diabetes in rats. The phase of this drug experiment is injecting the cancer and or diabetes   -curing drug on humans who have cancers and diabetes (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 24). Thus, the phase two will no push through if the Los Angeles, California test pilot segment will show that people abhor the product and the costs and expenses to produce the Smoke out will be higher than the revenues generated from selling the smoking habit buster product. For, there is a very high probability that this smoke busting product will not generate net profits if the Smoke out product will not generate net profits in the Los Angeles test pilot area within the three month test period (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 53). c. Who is the target market? The target market, which is phase 1 (Los Angeles, California) has been chosen because it mimics many states within the United States. Thus, whatever will be the financial findings in this test pilot area will give a high probability of what will happen when the product is finally launch all over the United States and all countries around the world. Meaning, California has people in the fire hazardous forests. Los Angeles is the home to the rich where Rodeo Drive located and the Beverly Hills area where the rich take up their residences. It also has its share of poor people living in †¦..  Ã‚  Ã‚   It also has its share of the lesbians and gays. Los Angeles has its share of Asians, African Americans, Europeans, South Americans and other races. It has also different religions inside its boundary. It has also both males and females resembling the gender population of other states. It has its own share of smokers just like the smoking population of the other states within the Unit ed States (Moschis, 1994, p. 6). For Los Angeles   represents the very best of America which includes Beverly Hills and Malibu and the Worst of America. The worst of Los Angeles includes the gang wars and day to day violence in the streets. Also, the Los Angeles population is most populated by African Americans, Latinos and native Americans since 1781. Los Angeles is well known for its beautiful weather most of the year. The cost of living here is also high but not too high for the average wage American (Collier, 2002). Thus, the success of Smoke out in Los Angeles will have a high probability of being a success when it is marketed to the entire United States segment (Moschis, 1994, p. 10). d. What are your products’ benefits to the target market? 4 pts. The product will give the smoker the feeling that he is smoking. Thus the does not literally cut his smoking habit. What happens is that the medicine fused into the Smoke out will slowly neutralize the nicotine that has been piled up for many years in the smokers’ blood and lungs. The smokers will lose their crave for smoking without even a sweat because it is the medicine that neutralizes the body’s craving for addiction for nicotine (Moschis, 1994, p. 90). e. At what price will your product be introduced? Why? 4 pts. The price will be $100. This price is based on the simple reason that a person’s health cannot be equated to cash. For a person’s life is priceless. Also, the cost of the Smoke Out Is surely lesser than if the smoker will be operated in the hospital for lung cancer and high blood which is one of the side effects of smoking for many years (Moschis, 1994, p. 123). f. What pricing strategy are you using? Why? 4 pts. The pricing strategy used is the cost plus profit pricing. For, a business has to generate revenues that will exceed the total amount of costs and daily operating expenses of marketing the Smoke out product (Abdallah, 2004, p. 48). g. What objectives will be accomplished by using this strategy? Be specific. 5 pts. The objectives that will be accomplished by this strategy are: – To know if the people will buy the product. – To know if enough people will buy the product so that the revenues from sales will  be more than the total costs and expenses of producing and marketing the Smoke out  product launch. – To generate findings from a test pilot launch so that results will be known at a earlier  stage of the product life cycle (Moschis, 1994, p. 93). h. Why is the product worth this price? 2 pts. As discussed above, a person’s life cannot be equated to money for it is priceless. Thus, the $100 selling price of the product will not be noticed when the product is marketed as best   product to stop smoking without even trying. i. Identify and explain what prices you should charge at each stage of the PLC? 12 pts. I will use the same $100 selling price at each stage of the product life cycle. The reason is plain and simple. A person’s life is worth more than $1,000,000 and $100 is just   a trickle from a person’s monthly salary. Thus, if the product will be bought with price of $100 which is very very very low and affordable.

College Expectation Essay

I felt scared about moving to college, university or away from home for the first time. From a small community in the province to a city with a population of less than 2 million, everything changed. I came to college and had no idea what to expect. When I entered the school I have chosen, it seemed like I was in a new world with people I do not know. I walked around the campus and felt like I was this lost little freshman. FEU was not my 1st choice actually. I just had no choice. But my â€Å"tito† said, â€Å"it is not which school that matters, it is in you if you will study hard enough to reach your goals in life. † He was right, so I need to love the school I am destined to study at. College life is completely different from high school. I expected it to be harder. Well, my expectation was right. Everything is harder. My first semester here at college, I can say was a wake-up call. I had to learn to be very independent. I have never known what it was like to be that independent before. I have learned that I am capable of a lot of things that I never thought I was back then. My expectations for attending college: To get a good education that will help me to get my dream job. To learn to be independent and to live on my own. To meet new people. To be able to take care of myself.

buy custom The LICOX Brain Tissue Oxygen Monitor essay

buy custom The LICOX Brain Tissue Oxygen Monitor essay Severe traumatic brain injuries have been a challenge for medical community for many decades. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention defines a traumatic brain injury as an injury in the head that disrupts the normal functioning of brain. In the United States, it is estimated that almost 1.5 million cases of brain injuries are reported yearly, their scope ranging from mild to severe. Furthermore, it has been reported that approximately 50,000 peoples with traumatic brain injuries die, while 80,000 become disabled. Brain injury causes disruption of cells, axons and the integrity of cell membrane, which results in an increased disintegration of cell structures, eventually causing death. This essay provides an overview of the latest technology in oxygen monitoring of brain tissues based on the LICOX system. It also provides a thorough description of the device, how it works as well as the risks associated with its use. For many years, traumatic brain injuries have been managed by focusing on the management of Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) and the Intra-Cranial Pressure (ICP). Monitoring has helped in providing information that greatly improves patient outcomes. However, managing and treating ICP in brain injuries does not allow for the assessment of oxygenation, which is one of the most important parameter in brain damage management. Oxygen is used at cellular level and also controls the excitatory amino acids. Therefore, its delivery and use can have a direct effect on these tissues survival. The technological advancement of oxygen monitoring in brain tissues provides information on the cellular dynamics of oxygenation. It also provides a better understanding of the effects of low oxygen state in brain. Although there are many devices that have been used for tissue oxygen monitoring, most studies have been done using the LICOX system. It is a PbrO2 system that was developed by a German scientist, Wolfgang Fleckenstein. The LICOX brain tissue oxygen system is a triple lumen catheter that is inserted in an intracranial bolt to measure PbrO2, ICP and brain tissue temperature. The device has been in use since 1980s. It is incorporated with a monitor having a screen which displays the values of oxygen and temperature, as well as cables connecting the bed side monitor and the monitoring probes. It has pre-calibrated smart card accompanying the probe, thus making the system calibration appealing to bedside nurses. LICOX CMP Triple Lumen Monitoring System measures PbtO2, ICP and the brain tissue temperature. It consists of a display screen connected to two probes to measure temperature and brain tissue oxygenation and a bedside monitor. The system also consists of a separate ICP monitor which is connected to an ICP probe. When using the LICOX, the practitioner drills a single burr hole and places an intracranial bolt. Each probe is then inserted to its port in the LICOX housing system. The placement of the probe is based on the condition of the patient, the goals of the therapy and a review of a computed tomography (CT) scan. For instance, the probes may be placed near a cerebral lesion if oxygen monitoring therapy is to be done. Areas near hematomas and infarct should be avoided. If it is difficult to place the probes on the side of the injury, they can be placed on the opposite hemisphere to enable measurement of global oxygenation (Bouma, Muizelaar, Choi, Newlon Young, 1999). After placing the probes, a sterile dressing is applied over the bolt site. The probe cables are then connected to the monitor. The LICOX system is quickly calibrated with a smart card. In order to obtain reliable data it is necessary to ensure precise placement of the LICOX catheters. Usually, the catheter are placed on the right-hand side of the frontal lobe because placing them on the left-hand side of the frontal lobe may lead to injury of the brains speech center. However, a CT scan can be employed to pinpoint the damaged area so that the LICOX catheter may be inserted into the penumbra of the injury. After about 10 to 120 minutes, the system starts recording and displaying temperature measurements and the local cerebral oxygen. Recording is done after stabilization of the brain tissues from the micro-trauma of probe insertion. In some patients, a vebtriculostomy may be needed for cerebrospinal fluid drainage. PbtO2 measurements is recorded and tested if the probes accuracy is doubtable or its reading is unexpectedly low. In order to perform an oxygen challenge test, the ventilators F1O2 setting is placed on 100% for 2-5 minutes. An accurately placed probe will indicate an increase in PbtO2. In case there is no response to the increase in F1O2, it is advisable to perform a CT scan to obtain the correct probe placement. The use of PbtO2 monitoring enables practitioners to detect the occurrence of brain hypoxia in patients at risk of cerebral ischemia. Normal PbtO2 values are expected to vary from 25-50 mm Hg. Ischemia is indicated by values below 15 mm Hg, while brain cell death is indicated by values below 5 mm Hg. Oxygen delivery to tissues surrounding the probe is indicated by the oxygenation value. Monitoring of brain tissue temperature is also done since the temperature value is needed to calculate PbtO2. The LICOX monitoring system has enabled clinical nurses to save many peoples lives. For instance, in 2001, an 18-year old boys life was saved due to the use of the LICOX monitoring system. The boy suffered a fatal brain injury after being involved in a car accident. The LicoX Brain Tissue Oxygen Monitor was surgically implanted through the boys skull via small probes. Brain tissue oxygen levels were monitored using sensors which enabled the nurses make an informed decision on the appropriate treatment protocol (Bruzzone, Dionigi, Bellinzona, Imberti Stocchetti, 1998). In another case, a patient called Michael was admitted to hospital having a rapidly deteriorating condition. He had aGSC score of 9/15. A CT scan of his brain showed that there was a continuous enlargement of contusions. By use of a LICOX brain tissue oxygen probe and a continuous EtCO2 monitoring, physicians were able to lower the patients ICP. The ICP was lowered to 28 mm Hg, the Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) was 52 mm Hg and PbtO2 was 5 mm Hg. To prevent ischemia, the physicians normalized his CO2, thus promoting his cerebral oxygenation. In two weeks time, the patient recovered from coma and thereafter was released from hospital. Both the patient and the nurses acknowledged that without the brain monitoring system, the patient might not have survived (Ledwith, Bloom, Maloney-Wilensky, Coyle Polomano, 2010) Monitoring provides essential information on the effect of various interventions in patients. Early monitoring of vital parameters in patients faced with traumatic brain injury, helps in providing useful clinical information. Brain tissue oxygen monitoring provides information on the response of intervention and its success. By using Brain Oxygen Monitoring System, the outcomes of patients with brain injuries have been improved to greater extent. The LICOX Brain Tissue Oxygen Monitoring System provides a direct, precise and a real-time measurement of oxygen levels in brain tissue. The information from the monitoring system provides an early warning of any problem related to oxygeenation that could lead to secondary injury. The combinations of LICOX with other monitoring parameters provide practitioners with information that helps them in making decisions on the intervention to use and its effectiveness. Despite its many useful advantages brain tissue oxygen monitoring has some risks associated with its use. The use of the LICOX monitor still involves several unresolved issues. Changes on a global scope are less detectable due to the catheter being placed locally. However, the levels of oxygenation will show some potential secondary difference depending on whether the monitor is placed in damaged tissues or in healthy tissues. Furthermore, overtreatment may be observed if placement is performed in an affected area rendering the surrounding areas to be at risk. Also, hyperventilation with 100% oxygen may result in a decrease in PbtO2 reading and this may cause some secondary ischemic events in viable brain tissues. The new Licox PMO probe provides accurate measurements but tends to under-read oxygen tension. This has been found to be more pronounced at higher temperatures. The LICOX probe has been found to under-read the temperature by approximately 0.5-0.8 degrees Celsius. Thus, caution should be taken if the temperature measured by the LICOX PMO is used to guide the decisions on treatment strategies to be used. Scientists are still debating on where the PbtO2 should be placed. It has been found that placement at different positions accompanies various advantages and disadvantages. For instance, in assessing regional oxygenation and swelling, placement in the penumbra of the injury is recommended. However, this placement has a disadvantage because the values indicated would be reflecting on the local area. Thus, it does not indicate the condition of the uninjured brain. Clinicians use placement in the normal tissues to represent normal oxygen delivery. Additionally, clinicians should come up with information regarding the influence of certain parameters on PbtO2 levels and the effects of oxygen monitoring on patients. A study by Minnesota Institute of Legal Education indicates the occurrence of two adverse events after brain tissue oxygen monitoring (Minnesota Institute of Legal Education, 1999). The adverse occurrence was related to hematomas which occurred after the catheter placement.According to Silver, McAllister Yudofsky, because three probes are inserted through a bolt (oxygen, ICP and temperature probe) it is difficult to determine which of the probes causes bleeding (Silver, McAllister, Yudofsky, 2005). In conclusion, brain injuries are a challenge which scientists continue to face at the local and international level. Unless treated properly, head injuries result in severe mental and physical disability, as well as death. Ultimately, the prevention of secondary brain tissue ischemia is the key goal of brain monitoring. Multimodal monitoring has facilitated timely management and prevention of head injuries. Medical practitioners are constantly challenged by numerous fundamental medical problems as they choose treatment procedures. Such problems include hypoxia and hypoperfusion. Therefore, intensive care unit patients should be given unique management. In order to tackle these issues, aggressive treatment is vital to preclude secondary cerebral ischemia. LICOX provides synergistic and valuable information for evaluation which can be used both locally and globally. The continuous evaluation on practices and the technology used in treatment of fatal brain injuries by medical practitioners, can lead to improvements in technology design and management. This would lead to discovery of cost effective interventions and treatments and, therefore, improve the outcome of treatment. Buy custom The LICOX Brain Tissue Oxygen Monitor essay

Colombia Revolt essays

Colombia Revolt essays UP AGAINST THE WALL, MOTHER******! THIS IS A STICK-UP! Perhaps nothing upset our enemies more than this slogan. To them it seemed to show the extent to which we had broken with their norms, how far we had sunk to brutality, hatred and obscenity. Great! The New York Times put forward three interpretations of the slogan, the only one of which I remember is the one which had to do with putting the administration up against the wall before a firing squad-apparently our fascistic final solution. The truth is almost as bad: the slogan defined Grayson Kirk, David Truman, the Trustees, many of the faculty, and the cops as our enemies. Liberal solutions, restructuring, partial understandings, compromise are not allowed anymore. The essence of the matter is that we are out for social and political revolution. Mark Rudd - SDS Columbia Chapter Chairman and one of the leaders of the Strike In the spring of 1968 students at Columbia University participated in a controversial series of demonstrations designed to disrupt the ongoings at the university. The Columbia Revolt was original and unique at this point in history. It was the most bold and disruptive protest up until that time. It was the first at an Ivy League institution. It led the way for many protests at universities during the era. It represented the spread of student opposition to the war and racial injustice. It also represented the growing cynicism students felt about whether or not change would actually happen within the political system (May 1). The protest thus resulted in a more disruptive form of protest designed to really stir things up at the All-American college campus. This protest was a message to the American people that the future super elite were willing to reject their place in the world in order to make change. It was a higher level of aggressiveness for the movement of the time, i t was a higher level of student protestor tha...

The Snowball Earth

The Snowball Earth Some very strange events have left their signs in the rocks of Precambrian time, the nine-tenths of Earths history before fossils became common. Various observations point to times when the whole planet appears to have gripped by colossal ice ages. Big-thinker Joseph Kirschvink first assembled the evidence in the late 1980s, and in a 1992 paper he dubbed the situation the snowball earth. Evidence for the Snowball Earth What did Kirschvink see? Many deposits of Neoproterozoic age (between 1000 and about 550 million years old) show the distinctive signs of ice agesyet they involved carbonate rocks, which are made only in the tropics.Magnetic evidence from these ice-age carbonates showed that indeed they were very near the equator. And there is nothing to suggest that the Earth was tilted on its axis any differently from today.And the unusual rocks known as banded iron formation appeared at this time, after an absence of more than a billion years. They have never reappeared. These facts led Kirschvink to a wild surmise glaciers had not just spread over the poles, as they do today, but had reached all the way to the equator, turning the Earth into a global snowball. That would set up feedback cycles reinforcing the ice age for quite some time: First, white ice, on land and upon the ocean, would reflect the suns light into space and leave the area cold.Second, the glaciated continents would emerge as the ice took water from the ocean, and the newly exposed continental shelves would reflect sunlight rather than absorbing it as dark seawater does.Third, the huge quantities of rock ground into dust by the glaciers would take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing the greenhouse effect and reinforcing the global refrigeration. These tied in with another event: the supercontinent Rodinia had just broken apart into many smaller continents. Small continents are wetter than large ones, hence more likely to support glaciers. The area of continental shelves must have increased, too, thus all three factors were reinforced. The banded iron formations suggested to Kirschvink that the sea, blanketed in ice, had gone stagnant and run out of oxygen. This would allow dissolved iron to build up instead of circulating through living things as it does now. As soon as the ocean currents and continental weathering resumed, the banded iron formations would be quickly laid down. The key to breaking the glaciers grip was volcanoes, which continually emit carbon dioxide derived from old subducted sediments (more on volcanism). In Kirschvinks vision, the ice would shield the air from the weathering rocks and allow CO2 to build up, restoring the greenhouse. At some tipping point the ice would melt, a geochemical cascade would deposit the banded iron formations, and snowball Earth would return to normal Earth. The Arguments Begin The snowball earth idea lay dormant until the late 1990s. Later researchers noted that thick layers of carbonate rocks capped the Neoproterozoic glacial deposits. These cap carbonates made sense as a product of the high-CO2 atmosphere that routed the glaciers, combining with calcium from the newly exposed land and sea. And recent work has established three Neoproterozoic mega-ice ages: the Sturtian, Marinoan and Gaskiers glaciations at about 710, 635 and 580 million years ago respectively. The questions arise as to why these happened, when and where they happened, what triggered them, and a hundred other details. A wide range of experts found reasons to argue against or quibble with the snowball earth, which is a natural and normal part of science. Biologists saw Kirschvinks scenario as looking too extreme. He had suggested in 1992 that metazoansprimitive higher animalsarose through evolution after the global glaciers had melted and opened new habitats. But metazoan fossils were found in much older rocks, so obviously the snowball earth had not killed them. A less extreme slushball earth hypothesis has arisen that protects the biosphere by positing thinner ice and milder conditions. Snowball partisans argue their model cannot be stretched that far. To an extent, this appears to be a case of different specialists taking their familiar concerns more seriously than a generalist would. The more distant observer can easily picture an icelocked planet that has enough warm refuges to preserve life while still giving the glaciers the upper hand. But the ferment of research and discussion will surely yield a truer and more sophisticated picture of the late Neoproterozoic. And whether it was a snowball, slushball or something without a catchy name, the type of event that seized our planet at that time is impressive to contemplate. PS: Joseph Kirschvink introduced the snowball earth in a very short paper in a very large book, so speculative that the editors didnt even have someone review it. But publishing it was a great service. An earlier example is Harry Hesss groundbreaking paper on seafloor spreading, written in 1959 and circulated privately before it found an uneasy home in another large book published in 1962. Hess called it an essay in geopoetry, and ever since the word has had a special significance. I do not hesitate to call Kirschvink a geopoet as well. For instance, read about his polar wander proposal.

Enrichment Report ( marketing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enrichment Report ( marketing) - Essay Example This journal contains original, peer-reviewed briefings on the practical problems and available solutions in the field of consumer behavior marketing. The aim of this journal is to support and assist in the understanding of consumer behavior for its readers and share the latest research and applications related to this field. The JCB publishes double-blind peer-reviewed and high quality theoretical and pragmatic research (derived from experiment and observation). This is one of the best features of this journal. It has a foundation in the social sciences and has a diverse and multidisciplinary view point which looks for sharing information related to consumer behavior. (Wiley::Journal of Consumer Behaviour) The JCB also showcases alternative, modern and contested representations of consumer behavior along with the latest developments that have been taking place in established traditions of consumer research. Being an international journal, the JCB offers the latest thinking, new developments and cutting-edge techniques in all aspects of consumer behavior in an international forum. Since the editorial perspective of this journal is international, it does not reflect the interests of any specific country. The research that the JCB communicates is in a forum that includes case studies, research reports and forecasting trends as well as articles. The articles are reviewed by international experts on the Editorial Board, emphasizing on the latest applied research and theoretical thinking in the field. The journal includes: 2. Cutting-edge Practice Papers: These papers explore the key international issues facing practitioners today and presenting case studies which are relevant. They also illustrate contemporary application techniques and forecasting reviews. 3. Book reviews: These reviews summarize content and assess the relevance, and each of these submissions is again

Advantages and Disadvantages of Utilizing a Project Labor Agreement Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Utilizing a Project Labor Agreement - Essay Example So, they can opt to join or not to do so. First, PLA can help in promoting uniformity in the construction sector. Since it requires the constructors to be members of labor unions, it means that it advocates for equality in salaries, wages, overtime, allowances, working hours, benefits, working rules and conditions adhered to while working on the government-sponsored construction projects. This demonstrates how the agreement can be beneficial to all the parties starting from the main constructor, sub-contractor up to the laborers. Besides, it helps in providing assurance to all the involved contractors that the project would be completed within the shortest time possible. It is possible to attain this because the agreement guarantees a steady and reliable of well trained and highly qualified laborers. At the same time, PLA makes the management of such projects much easier because they are properly coordinated and operated under predictable budgets. In addition, PLA helps in making the work to be smoothly carried out without experiencing challenges like conflict, strikes and go slows which are common in non-unionized firms. Since all the contractors have to be members of trade unions, they are obliged to comply with rules and regulations governing their operations (Tuerck, 2010). Because of this, it can be much easier to resolve conflicts and eradicate the cases of strike that might slow down the construction process. Moreover, PLA can e a good thing for the laborers because it ensures that they are properly empowered. It requires the contractors to provide adequate trainings an apprentice programs for certain classes of employees including the minorities, disabled, women, veterans and all the other underprivileged people in the society. By giving such workers an opportunity to acquire training, they can be able to have personal growth and become more useful and valuable employees in the years to

Reformation and the Arts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Reformation and the Arts - Assignment Example In an attempt to keep the followers in the church, the Catholic religion undertook their own self-reformation, which came to be known as the Counter-Reformation. One aspect of their disagreement was over the portrayal of their visual art. The resulting factions created different artistic styles, though their outcome would be counterproductive to their original intent. The church had fallen under negative scrutiny during the fourteenth century and was marked by material excesses by church leaders while oppressing the lower clergy. Humanism and the Renaissance ideas were cultivated in Rome and their perceived abuses became the target of newly empowered city-states. The decline of papal power and material corruption of the church during the 14th and 15th centuries set the stage for the first severe blow to the church, the papal schism in 1378 (Kirsch 1911). However, the most popular symbolic blow came when Martin Luther nailed the Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church in 1517 (Bates 1999, Luther 1915). The Theses called for a dramatic overhaul of the church and began the Reformation. The Counter-Reformation is the period of "Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Thirty Years War, 1648" (Pollen 1908). During this period the church tried to rebuke the Lutherans and Protestants for their stand on the subservience of Church to State, the marriage of the clergy, and doctrinal error (Pollen 1908). However, the church underwent little fundamental change, did not alter the State constitutions, or generate any great enthusiasm by its members. One noticeable change the church underwent was the portrayal of its visual arts. The church had moved away from art dominated by religious figures and had begun to portray man as the center of spiritualism as in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam circa 1500. Reformers believed this elevated man to a state of spiritual arrogance and wanted art to represent only religious figure s. The church did do some movement back toward commissioning strictly religious art during the Counter-Reformation (Nosotro 2005).

SAM 400 UNIT 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 400 UNIT 2 - Essay Example They have acquired a self regulatory type of focus to help develop their behavior and motivations as well. Motivation can also be achieved through a simple gesture of employee recognition. This is in line with awarding what an employee has achieved as it works to boost his or her self esteem. The American work force is made up of people from various walks of life. Its diversity is notable. With this in mind, it is necessary to consider the interpersonal relationships within the working environment. An organization can only do well if at all every employee, irrespective of their affiliations and backgrounds, is working towards achieving a similar objective. This is an aspect of cohesion such that a good leader will work on harmony, cohesion and unity in the workplace. Technological advancement is a force to reckon with in any given organization. Those who have embraced it have reaped its benefits with respect to levels of motivation that can be inspired within an organization. America has embraced technology and therefore incorporated the various related aspects to ensure efficiency in the operation of the organizations. In this case, technological events have played a key role to influence current attitudes of leadership (Mind-tools.com, 1). In America, people are aware of their rights. It is evident how the issue of equality has taken centre stage in many heated debates. Minority groups such as women, children and the gay, too have their rights that should be equally respected. These groups are known to play one part or another in various organizations. Currently, a leader has to be very sensitive to such issues in order to realize efficiency within the organization. In conclusion, leadership styles have transformed from one level to another. This is necessary to keep up with the dynamic nature of the world. Adaption ensures that a leader is on the leading edge rather than a trailing edge. Kark, Ronit and Dijk Van Dina. â€Å"Motivation to Lead,

Social Site Keeping In Touch By Net Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Site Keeping In Touch By Net - Essay Example Others depend on the type of content posted and revolve around copyright, intellectual property or confidentiality issues.". It is the matter of fact that, for any normal human being 7% of the communication is based on words and rests 93% is associated with nonverbal body language, Sometimes chat or communication through Facebook or any other non-visual chatting sites can create a false impression about how one is doing away from home. Tardanico in her report has mentioned that "it's only when we can hear a tone of voice or look into someone's eyes that we're able to know when "I'm fine" doesn't mean they're fine at all, or when "I'm in" doesn't mean they're brought in at all†. This is where the internet or social websites get dicey. With the help of technology, any one can hide is true emotion behind the words, through Facebook, e-mail or Twitter one can easily create an illusion of their choice. There are various positives which one can take away with the development of socia l technology. The word distance is now almost irrelevant as anyone can communicate whenever he or she wants with their family, friends and loved ones with just a few clicks. Social sites help the mankind immensely to communicate their feeling in front of the world where they can communicate and exchange their views with people across the globe. Tardanico in her review has mentioned that "Social technologies have broken the barriers of space and time, enabling us to interact 24/7 with more people than ever before."

Digital Marketing Strategies to promote Fashion Antidote Website Essay

Digital Marketing Strategies to promote Fashion Antidote Website - Essay Example The essay "Digital Marketing Strategies to promote Fashion Antidote Website" discusses digital marketing strategy to be used by Fashion Antidote. Fashion Antidote Facebook page is a well-established fashion company that has many customers both in the field and in online. The group has the feeling that Fashion Antidote needs to upgrade its website and especially their Facebook page to be able to be at purr with current fashion trends. As well, with increased innovation at the fashion school, there is need to expose all these to customers so that the company can grow. This means that if Fashion Antidote Facebook page has a fashion show or unique fashion taste it wants to share, the Facebook page is the best way to share all these. Understanding the concept of digital strategy in this case is very vital if a good strategy must be developed. Digital strategy is that overall approach that a company takes after making a decision that they want to invest in online business in order to achie ve their goals. It can involve building the reputation of the business online especially with the focus of being a leader in the area of business. This can also extend to overarching digital strategy of a business in order to migrate the major sales transaction from online to offline. In the development of such a strategy, a company is required to have one major goal as opposed to numerous goals even though there is no much restriction in this. For the Fashion Antidote Facebook page is to be able to capture the latest fashion trends.

Social Site Keeping In Touch By Net Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Site Keeping In Touch By Net - Essay Example Others depend on the type of content posted and revolve around copyright, intellectual property or confidentiality issues.". It is the matter of fact that, for any normal human being 7% of the communication is based on words and rests 93% is associated with nonverbal body language, Sometimes chat or communication through Facebook or any other non-visual chatting sites can create a false impression about how one is doing away from home. Tardanico in her report has mentioned that "it's only when we can hear a tone of voice or look into someone's eyes that we're able to know when "I'm fine" doesn't mean they're fine at all, or when "I'm in" doesn't mean they're brought in at all†. This is where the internet or social websites get dicey. With the help of technology, any one can hide is true emotion behind the words, through Facebook, e-mail or Twitter one can easily create an illusion of their choice. There are various positives which one can take away with the development of socia l technology. The word distance is now almost irrelevant as anyone can communicate whenever he or she wants with their family, friends and loved ones with just a few clicks. Social sites help the mankind immensely to communicate their feeling in front of the world where they can communicate and exchange their views with people across the globe. Tardanico in her review has mentioned that "Social technologies have broken the barriers of space and time, enabling us to interact 24/7 with more people than ever before."

Causes of autism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Causes of autism - Essay Example Early diagnosis of autism is very important to adjust the methods of child rearing and to facilitate their social adaptation. It is believed that autism is not a mental illness, but a developmental disorder. It is thought that it cannot be cured completely, but therapy at an early stage will help the child overcome some limitations. Dustin Hoffman's character in Rain Man has little to do with the lives of people with autism. They usually attract attention to their unusual behavior. Our brain reacts to the stimuli and processes information through the biological process of connecting, pairing and organizing the neurons. These neurons have thread extensions through which electrical discharge travels. Neurons thus conduct these electrical impulses. Autism changes how these nerve cells function, though it is not quite known how this occurs. Since their brain cannot function properly, people affected with autism have problems in their daily life tasks including problems in interacting soc ially, communicating non-verbally and other activities that involve give-and-take, humor and adroitness. The clinical picture of autism: a number of psychomotor, speech and behavioral disorders, with different combinations of symptoms and signs of developmental delay. Early childhood autism can be detected at as early an age as three years. Such children are weak and have poor facial expressions. They are not capable of non-verbal interactions with their mother or other people – they do not look in your eyes, do not respond to their own name, do not take toys when someone gives them. You may have to line up their pencils before they can pay attention, or say the same phrase over and over to calm down. They may flap their arms to indicate they are happy, or hurting to show that they are not. Some people with autism never learn to speak. Most of the autistic children carry out repetitive movements for instance they rock and twirl, or they abuse their own selves by biting and he ad banging. Such children start talking after the normal ones and rather than calling themselves by I or me they take their name. Autistic children are not able to play with others like normal ones and some even talk in sing-song voice. They do not care for what the other person thinks or is interested in and they themselves have few favorite topics. Autistic children appear to be having an increased risk of having particular comorbid conditions, which includes fragile X syndrome (that leads to mental retardation), tuberous sclerosis (wherein tumors develop in the brain), epileptic seizures, Tourette syndrome, learning disorders and deficit disorder attention. Almost 20-30% of autistic children also develop epilepsy by the time they become adults. Although there are certain schizophrenic people who might also exhibit behavior of autism, their symptoms normally are not visible till almost adulthood is reached. A lot of schizophrenic people may also be having hallucinations and delusi ons that is not a sign of autism. As the child grows, the symptoms of autism increase. He falls into the strong disorder due to the change in the familiar environment, loud noises, bright lights or strong odors. Worst of all, the child feels alone and avoids any physical contact with parents and peers. Emotional reciprocity and

Methods of Personnel Development Essay Example for Free

Methods of Personnel Development Essay 1. Introduction Successful personnel development is necessary to help and organization to acquire a competitive edge in the market. A well trained and competent workforce and help and organization cut a competitive edge in the market which the competing organizations may find hard to replicate the long run.   Efficient methods of personnel development are necessary for the success of the organization. Personnel have become an important concern for all managers in all industry.   This has been promoted by the problems which have been experienced in hiring of personnel who can meet the required standards to deliver the needed services.    The current strategic human resource management has recognized employees as the most important asset that an organization has. In this regard it has become of paramount important for organization to carry out effective staff development programs which are likely to meet the required work standards.   There has been increasing for the organization to carry out effective individual training programs which will meet the demands of their customers.   When most organization have been emphasizing for the downsizing of their employee, it has become important for them to ensure that it effective training programs which will ensure there is overall growth. (Consulting, 2000) For an organization to ensure that there is effective growth of its workforce, employee training and development has become a priority rather than an option.   There are many organizations which have been carrying out training programs but which have not resulted to the required results.   Training and development  Ã‚   is usually an integral and an expensive part of the human resource department and therefore there should be all efforts aimed at ensuring that there is overall success of the exercise. Effective training and development programs are necessary in order to ensure that there is overall growth of the worker. The most important factor that can help the organization to carryout effective personnel development is to understand the goals of the organization and therefore work to achieve these goals.   The organization goal will assist the organization to come up with effective design and implementation of the organization. Efficient personnel development program are therefore necessary to ensure that the organization cuts a competitive edge in the market. (Jenning, 1996) 2. Success factors for training There are important factors in the overall development process that must be taken into consideration to have effective personnel development. The most important factor that the organizations need to realise in the design and implementation of personnel development is the mission and vision of the organization. This will help the management to become committed to the overall process of personnel development in the most efficient way.   The company should also evaluate the relative risk of exposure which is presented by the compliance requirement and therefore use this as an effective way of prioritizing the needs for planning training.   The management will also involve the key line representatives in order to design and implement train interventions. This means that training should be viewed as a way of helping the organization to remain competitive and not as a necessary evil.   The management should also be keep away of the focus of the training activities and the role  Ã‚   that the activities are intended to achieve and help the organization to achieve in its overall objectives. (Bowie and Jordan, 2001) There are important characteristic which are used to identify a successful training program.   The following are the common characteristics of a successful training in an organization;  · There should be a clear understating of the goals of the organization and the needs of all the line managers for training and development.   This means that   the training programs will be based on these key strategies which are likely to support the   goal of the organization  · There should be involvement of the key line personnel in the selection, design and the scheduling of training.  · The style for delivering the training program must focus on the adult learning concepts  Ã‚   including the relevant content of the course.  · The training activities should be seen as an integral part of the overall training place for the organization and not an individual or a one time event that will come and go.  · There should be a high accountability for the result which will justify the purpose for training.   There should be effective evaluation, measurement and a well organization reporting of the results of training.  · There should be frequent communication between the organization management and the person who are overseeing training program. This will ensure that there is overall support for the training programs and the enforcement of the training values. 3. In house vs. Third party training There are two broad methods which are used to deliver training programs.   These include the in-house training and the third party training program.   The organization is likely to choose the most efficient method that will ensure that there is delivery of the most efficient training program. In-house training will involve when an organization uses the instructor who are a part of the organization.   This employs will also be trained as they continue with their work which means there will less loss of time and the productivity for the organization will not be affected. However this method is likely to result to low employee expectation from the training program since they are likely to learn what they have been practicing. (Rouda and Kusy, 2005) The third party training take place when and organization brings in an extern expert. External experts are likely to come with new experience for the organization which will reinforce the development of the workforce.   Under this method the organization can also decide to take its staff for an external training program which will take place outside the organization.   This method is likely to be more effective since the staff will be expecting to learn new things from what they have been practicing in the organization. In the course of training there are different ways that can be used by the organization to source for training materials.   The organization can develop its own materials in the organization which will be in-house material development. The organizations can also source for material outside through purchase or leasing.  Ã‚   When the organization hires third party to come and training the staff, the conditions for hiring can also be that the third party will be expected to come with training materials. In order to select the best combination for the trainer and the program, the organization should be important consideration including the experience, time for development of the program, resources available, the money available for the program and the cost of the options, the expected quality, the training needs for the organization and the credibility of the method that will be used. 4. Program design The program design describes the way the overall training program will be planned.   Program design consist of   important   aspect of the training   including the conduction of the needs analysis for the   company, the prioritizing o the need in the training place, definition of the   course objectives to match the   training needs, and the selection of   the training formats that will be used in the   training program. a) Need analysis A need analysis is carried out in order to identify the  Ã‚   area in which the organization needs to carry out training.   The need analysis is the first step in determine the whole training program. The need analysis should be carried out comprehensively in order to understand the specific area under in which the training will emphasize. Usually a need analysis will come up with a long list of needs that the organization will have to look at. In need analyses there are three types of data that the trainer will have to collect. The pre-training behaviour will give the knowledge that the trainees have. The post training behaviour will give the expectation from the training that the organization wants to achieve through training.   The workplace reinforcement and constraints will give the factors for the job which can help or hinder the trainees in applying what they will have learned. (Jenning, 1996) b)    Course objectives This should identify the specific objectives that the training will achieve. Identification of the course objective is likely to increase the effectiveness of training and evaluation of needs assessment.   Basically three types of course objectives will have to be looked at. These include the planning objectives, the process objectives and the learning objectives.   This will help in the formatting of the training. c)    Training format There are different formats that can be used to deliver training.   The best format that an organization can choose is the one which will create a setting an environment which is most conducive to learn.   The format has to be flexible.   There are formal and informal training formats Informal training format will include format like one on one tutoring which   can be teem consuming but very effective,   use groups, discussion groups and   newsletters.   On the other hand formal training formats include formats like classroom training like lectures or demonstration, video or audio, computer based trailing, satellite training, teleconferencing, use of simulations, use of manuals, and on   job training.   The formal training methods have become most common used in organisational training since they are more effective and have been supported by the emerging technologies. (Consulting, 2000) d)    Program delivery This is the most important part in the training process. The way the training will be delivered is important in determining how it will be effective to achieve the goals of the training.   Delivery of training should be based on principle of adult learning since most of the employees who undergo training are adults.   There sold a proven adults-instructions practices rather than the traditional classroom delivery method which is likely to compromise the quality of training. e)    E-learning With the increased use of technology in the world, e-learning is also rising to be an important factor in the training programs. E-learning involves the process of delivering learning through the use of person computer. It is widely used in education institution but it is also fining it place in the employee training programs. In employee training e-learning has been providing an effective time saving method of learning as compared to other methods.   It is also easy to carry training from any part of the world can therefore can be used when an organisation choose third party training. However it is expensive since al the employees will need to have a computer. 5. How adults learn According to the learning theories, it has been shown that adults learn different from how children learn.   Unlike children, adults are likely to relate what they hear to their experience and the knowledge they have gathered over time.   Adults are also good listeners and will digest what they are listen.   This means that when training adults, one need to have all the facts to their fingers and ensure that they are correct as challenge can arise at any one time. (Consulting, 2000) According to the adult learning theories there are important factor that have to be considered when teaching them.   First it should be understood that adults are less interested in the overview, they are more interested in what they are learning. They need to be given examples which can help them to relate what they are learning with their real experience. Since they are more critical on what is delivery any information that is likely to contradict what they know should be delivered slowly and in an efficient manner. The training should assist them to make connections with what they already know.   The pace of training should also be suited for their mind. Fast training may prove difficult for them while a too slow training is boring.   The training should avoid trial and error ventures and should reinforce the learnt concept in their real life example. (Jenning, 1996) a)    Designing training experience for adults There are important principal that the trainers must consider when planning adult learning.   The structure of the workshop should take to consideration that adult learns usual need some feedback which is likely to mark their progress in training.   The usually learn best when their own experience is integrated in the learning process. They should be given opportunity to ask questions and interact to share experience.   The adult learners are responsible for their learning and they prefer to share with one another in the process.   This interaction must be given a chance.   Adults are likely to learn in an environment where there is mutual trust and respect for one another.   Adults learners must be motivate din order to feel the need to learn. This earns that they have to be shown the important of undergoing the training and how it is going to affect their job performance. b)    Classroom instruction In order to ensure that there is effectiveness of the training process, there are important characters and method that should be incorporated in the training. some of the   most important factors in training include the   inclusion of discussion breaks time which agreed with   all the participants, ensure that the participants are comfortable, state   clearly the objectives of the training, make a preparation of   the material to be used before the class being so that you can evaluate them, use training aids and establish rapports in the course of training, ensure that you don’t interrupt the   participate when they are contributing,   be yourself and more flexible in the course of the training, answer all the question asked and provide constant feedbacks to the participants. c) Documenting available training courses In order to keep up with the course of the training resources, it is important to keep written records as they have been learnt.   This will help the learners to remind themselves of what they have learned in the course of the training. This is also important as it will help the learners to understand what they have been learning and therefore keep up with the course of the training. It also helps the management to see the courses that are available. d)   Measuring and evaluating training effectiveness There had to be an effective way of evaluating the learning process in order to understand the effectiveness of the learning process. This is very critical since it will determine whether the organization is really meeting its objectives or not. It will help the organisation to understand the important steps that are being made in the course of the training. There are many methods of evaluation that is used in the course of the training. The most effective evaluation methods that are used include the use of smile sheet which is one of the five point evaluation which enquiries about the quality of the instructor and others, there is also the pre-test or post techs which is used to measure the increased in knowledge for the learners.   The presets will establish a baseline while the post test will confirm any improvement that is being made which can be directly attributed to the learning process. An observation can also be carried out on the specific performance of each individual including the trainer and the supervisor.   This will detect any changes in the work behaviour which can be directly attributed to the learning process.  Ã‚   Work performance can also e used as a method of evaluation. In this case work performance will look at the specific job tasks and performance indicators. These indicators are usually well defined and measured before and after training.

How do You Spell High School? †S-T-R-E-S-S :: Personal Narrative Writing

How do You Spell High School? – S-T-R-E-S-S When I ask people what their most memorable times are, most tell me that their most memorable times occurred in high school. I entered high school a year ago, and it has been fun, but very, very stressful. I try to organize and make time for everything that I am assigned to do, but still everything seems to bunch up and become overwhelming. Sometimes I just want to give up and stop trying so hard. I don’t just feel pressure from school, but from my family and society as well. Since I am Hispanic, I am expected to defy all those stereotypes that people might have of Hispanics. Some examples of these stereotypes are that Hispanics are not well educated, that they are always loud and that pregnancy occurs at a young age. I might be loud sometimes, but I am very educated and I am not considering having a baby any time soon. But still my parents expect me to exceed all expectations and be the very best, which is pretty hard. Since second grade I was in the Gifted and Talented Program, which is a program for students who are a bit more advanced than their grade level. I was in that program until fourth grade and then I entered the Delta Program at Booker T. Washington M.S. 54. The Delta Program is also for students that are a bit more advanced than their grade level, and in that course I found it very hard to be the best. For the four years that I was in that school, the most I could do was get in the Honor Roll, and for the last two years it wasn’t very easy. My parents always told me that I had to have good grades and get a scholarship to a good college and that was how it was going to be. Before, it didn’t bother me and I would just do everything I was told to do, but now, it is getting very stressful because the work is getting harder and I find myself with more responsibilities. Some studies show that many Hispanics either drop out of high school or don’t ever get to college. Because of this, I am expected to do very well in school and make it into a good college. I am not saying that it isn’t something I want, but this goal seems very difficult, because the stress I am experiencing is working against me and slowing me down instead of pepping me up and encouraging me to keep moving ahead.

Natural Childbirth is Superior to Drug Induced Childbirth Essay

I remember when my water bag broke; it was August 12, 1992, and the time was 12:15am.I was very excited that I would see my new baby on her due date. I did what the child birthing book recommended. I woke my husband up and told him to call the hospital. In the meantime I decided to take a shower. I was pretty calm because I didn't have any contractions. I wore my best maternity outfit and was spruced up compared to my husband. I even put on some perfume. You see, we had just gone to bed at 11:30 that night. My husband looked a little worse for wear. We got to the hospital and then were led into the maternity room. The room looked a little dingy with its yellow light and peeling paint. The hospital bed was small and narrow. I got scared, and I wanted my mother. My husband and I had moved to the States from the Middle East when I was seven months pregnant. We never had a chance to take any child birthing classes. I was nervous. A very pleasant-faced nurse came into the room to talk to us. My unfounded fears were brushed away by her calm demeanor. A few hours went by, the contractions started to get stronger, and I requested an epidural. After I got the epidural I didn't feel any pain at all. I was excited. I told my husband if this was how child birthing is, I was ready to have a brood like the Waltons. Then my labor pains stopped completely. My dilation stopped at seven centimeters. The doctor came in to check me and said that it would be better if they induced me. So I got a dose of pitocin. I felt pain like I had never before. I couldn't bear the pain of the contractions anymore. Finally, after twenty two hours of labor, the doctors told my husband that they would do an emergency Cesarean section. By then I was oblivious to al... ... experiences labor has a profound long term impact on her life. Goer, Henci. "Epidurals Myth Vs Reality." Childbirth Instructor Magazine Winter 1995: 17-22. I took a deep breath and pushed till I thought my eyeballs would pop out. In a gush she arrived, and they laid her on my chest where she immediately started to nurse. My husband started to cry for joy and I just had the biggest grin on my face. I did it, I did it!! Through the research I have done, I have found that you have choices in everything. The choice that I made was worth it -for me and my baby. Natural child birth is fulfilling, and I am thankful for all the help I got to make that happen. Choices in child birthing have to be made carefully and wisely by the family and their OB/GYN doctor. Information is vast in this country, and it is just a matter of educating yourself to make the right choices.

Ancient Egypts Effect on Modern Society Essay

The museum has always been a place for all different types of people from the public to go and appreciate art and feel reconnected with the past. People may go to the museum for these reasons or a variety of others. But for whatever reasons they choose to go to the museum it always has an influence on that person’s relationship between them and the history they viewed. Specifically speaking the museum has a big influence on the public and Ancient Egypt. The museum is already a place of history and mystery and Ancient Egypt is one of the most mysterious ancient cultures. With so little known about these ancient people it only makes sense that the museum would be a good place to strengthen that feeling of mystery. Ever since the modern discovery of Ancient Egypt the public have been fascinated by the mystery left behind by these ancient people. The modern public is always interested in learning about Egypt. Weather that be from books to movies or trips to the museum the general public uses a variety of methods to learn about the Ancient Egyptians culture. Stereotypically speaking when most people talk of Egypt they think of mummies. Most people one speaks to have generally the same depiction of what Egypt is in their heads. So a lot of times people don’t really know the truth about Ancient Egypt. And that is where the museum comes into play. The museum has always been found as a viable source of accurate information regarding history. So in today’s media rich society most people who are really curious about learning about Egypt would rather visit the museum rather than pick up a book on Egyptology and read it. The museum is a good place to start for people to go and observe visually what is left of Ancient Egypt. And these exhibits help to construct an idea of what this Ancient civilization was truly like compared to the entertainment industries depiction of it. This act of going to the museum to fulfill ones curiosity on the subject is just one way the museum helps strengthen the bond between the public and Ancient Egypt. Another way the museum helps strengthen the relationship between the public and Ancient Egypt is by giving them an escape from reality. Most people get fed up with the normal day in and day out of adult life and are always looking for something new exciting and mysterious. Ancient Egypt is something that is tantalizing for people to learn and talk about because so little is known and so much can be speculated. So the museum helps give this bored person a chance to view what is left of Ancient Egypt and to escape from their reality and escape to this mysterious world. This strengthens the relationship between Ancient Egypt and the public because people desire that mystery and they can get it by viewing the mystery of Ancient Egypt at the museum. One more way the museum strengthens this relationship is by adding more to the mystery. Meaning the museum shows the public a depiction of the past but no definitive answers, if anything I found you leave the Ancient Egyptian exhibit with more questions than answers. This quest for answers strengthens the relationship because the public is searching for an element of mystery and find it in Ancient Egypt, but every time they get more of a taste they get more unanswered questions. This causes more of a desire to learn and explore and it all begins with the museum giving just a taste of the mystery surrounding Ancient Egypt. Following this drive for knowledge on Ancient Egypt the museum also helps strengthen the physical relationship between the public and Ancient Egypt. Ancient antiquities are one of the most sought after items for just aesthetic position. People will go out of their way to bring back a piece of history with them that they can hold in their hands. Weather that be through artifact relics or souvenirs somebody is always trying to take a piece of history with them. They might be doing this for a variety of reasons. They may just want something interesting on a shelf to start a discussion where they can gloat about their recent trip to Egypt. Or they may want to have it because it makes them feel closer to the ancient times and the mystery of it all. But for whatever reason people always want to have some sort of item that relates them to the history or journey. The museum does this by providing them with a large varieties, the person who wants to fulfill that desire of owning a souvenir or relic, to choose from. You can buy almost anything Ancient Egypt related at the gift shop in a museum. From Lego pens to imitation artifacts, the museum is a great place to fill a need to buy a souvenir. Also what better time would it be to buy something Egyptian than right after viewing an exhibit of the real artifacts. So by being able to create a need for a physical relic and then fulfill it the museum is a perfect place to strengthen the bond between the public and Ancient Egypt. So the museum as it seams is a very powerful place when it comes to strengthening the bond between the public and Ancient Egypt. Weather the museum is providing just a simple craving of curiosity or to providing the perfect place to shop for a relic you can take home with you, it has been a great place to strengthen the bond between the public and Ancient Egypt. This place of mystery, knowledge and unanswered question will hopefully be around for a long time to fulfill the publics desire to know more and become closer with Ancient Egypt.

The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Seven

â€Å"To cooperate at what?† Meredith asked. â€Å"I'll explain about that later. But first I want to know what's been going on in town since I-left.† â€Å"Well, hysteria mostly,† Meredith said, raising an eyebrow. â€Å"Your Aunt Judith's been pretty badly off. She hallucinated that she saw you-only it wasn't a hallucination, was it? And she and Robert have sort of broken up.† â€Å"I know,† Elena said grimly. â€Å"Go on.† â€Å"Everybody at school is upset. I wanted to talk to Stefan, especially when I began to suspect you weren't really dead, but he hasn't been at school. Matt has been, but there's something wrong with him. He looks like a zombie, and he won't talk to anyone. I wanted to explain to him that there was a chance you might not be gone forever; I thought that would cheer him up. But he wouldn't listen. He was acting totally out of character, and at one point I thought he was going to hit me. He wouldn't listen to a word.† â€Å"Oh, God-Matt.† Something terrible was stirring at the bottom of Elena's mind, some memory too disturbing to be let loose. She couldn't cope with anything more just now, she couldn't, she thought, and slam dunked the memory back down. Meredith was going on. â€Å"It's clear, though, that some other people are suspicious about your ‘death.' That's why I said what I did in the memorial service; I was afraid if I said the real day and place that Alaric Saltzman would end up ambushing you outside the house. He's been asking all sorts of questions, and it's a good thing Bonnie didn't know anything she could blab.† â€Å"That isn't fair,† Bonnie protested. â€Å"Alaric's just interested, that's all, and he wants to help us through the trauma, like before. He's an Aquarius-â€Å" â€Å"He's a spy,† said Elena, â€Å"and maybe more than that. But we'll talk about that later. What about Tyler Smallwood? I didn't see him at the service.† Meredith looked nonplussed. â€Å"You mean you don't know?† â€Å"I don't know anything; I've been asleep for four days in an attic.† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Meredith paused uneasily. â€Å"Tyler just got back from the hospital. Same with Dick Carter and those four tough guys they had along with them on Founders' Day. They were attacked in the Quonset hut that evening and they lost a lot of blood.† â€Å"Oh.† The mystery of why Stefan's Powers had been so much stronger that night was explained. And why they'd been getting weaker ever since. He probably hadn't eaten since then. â€Å"Meredith, is Stefan a suspect?† â€Å"Well, Tyler's father tried to make him one, but the police couldn't make the times work out. They know approximately when Tyler was attacked because he was supposed to meet Mr. Smallwood, and he didn't show up. And Bonnie and I can alibi Stefan for that time because we'd just left him by the river with your body. So he couldn't have gotten back to the Quonset hut to attack Tyler-at least no normal human could. And so far the police aren't thinking about anything supernatural.† supposed to meet Mr. Smallwood, and he didn't show up. And Bonnie and I can alibi Stefan for that time because we'd just left him by the river with your body. So he couldn't have gotten back to the Quonset hut to attack Tyler-at least no normal human could. And so far the police aren't thinking about anything supernatural.† â€Å"Tyler and those guys can't identify the attacker because they can't remember a thing about that afternoon,† Meredith added. â€Å"Neither can Caroline.† â€Å"Caroline was in there?† â€Å"Yes, but she wasn't bitten. Just in shock. In spite of everything she's done, I almost feel sorry for her.† Meredith shrugged and added, â€Å"She looks pretty pathetic these days.† â€Å"And I don't think anyone will ever suspect Stefan after what happened with those dogs at church today,† Bonnie put in. â€Å"My dad says that a big dog could have broken the window in the Quonset hut, and the wounds in Tyler's throat looked sort of like animal wounds. I think a lot of people believe it was a dog or a pack of dogs that did it.† â€Å"It's a convenient explanation,† Meredith said dryly. â€Å"It means they don't have to think any more about it.† â€Å"But that's ridiculous,† said Elena. â€Å"Normal dogs don't behave that way. Aren't people wondering about why their dogs would suddenly go mad and turn on them?† â€Å"Lots of people are just getting rid of them. Oh, and I heard someone talk about mandatory rabies testing,† Meredith said. â€Å"But it's not just rabies, is it, Elena?† â€Å"No, I don't think so. And neither do Stefan or Damon. And that's what I came over to talk to you about.† Elena explained, as clearly as she could, what she had been thinking about the Other Power in Fell's Church. She told about the force that had chased her off the bridge and about the feeling she'd had with the dogs and about everything she and Stefan and Damon had discussed. She finished with, â€Å"And Bonnie said it herself in church today: ‘Something evil.' I think that's what's here in Fell's Church, something nobody knows about, something completely evil. I don't suppose you know what you meant by that, Bonnie.† But Bonnie's mind was running on another track. â€Å"So Damon didn't necessarily do all those awful things you said he did,† she said shrewdly. â€Å"Like killing Yangtze and hurting Vickie and murdering Mr. Tanner, and all. I told you nobody that gorgeous could be a psycho killer.† â€Å"I think,† said Meredith with a glance at Elena, â€Å"that you had better forget about Damon as a love interest.† â€Å"Yes,† said Elena emphatically. â€Å"He did kill Mr. Tanner, Bonnie. And it stands to reason he did the other attacks, too; I'll ask him about that. And I'm having enough trouble dealing with him myself. You don't want to mess with him, Bonnie, believe me.† â€Å"I'm supposed to leave Damon alone; I'm supposed to leave Alaric alone†¦ Are there any guys I'm not supposed to leave alone? And meanwhile Elena gets them all. It's not fair.† â€Å"I don't know. Something tremendously strong-but it could be shielding itself so that we can't sense it. It could look like an ordinary person. And that's why I came for your help, because it could be anybody in Fell's Church. It's like what Bonnie said during the service today: ‘Nobody is what they seem.' â€Å" Bonnie looked forlorn. â€Å"I don't remember saying that.† â€Å"You said it, all right. ‘Nobody is what they seem,' † Elena quoted again weightily. â€Å"Nobody.† She glanced at Meredith, but the dark eyes under the elegantly arched eyebrows were calm and distant. â€Å"Well, that would seem to make everybody a suspect,† Meredith said in her most unruffled voice. â€Å"Right?† â€Å"Right,† said Elena. â€Å"But we'd better get a note pad and pencil and make a list of the most important ones. Damon and Stefan have already agreed to help investigate, and if you'll help, too, we'll stand an even better chance of finding it.† She was hitting her stride with this; she'd always been good at organizing things, from schemes to get boys to fundraising events. This was just a more serious version of the old plan A and plan B. Meredith gave the pencil and paper to Bonnie, who looked at it. and then at Meredith, and then at Elena. â€Å"Fine,† she said, â€Å"but who goes on the list?† â€Å"Well, anyone we have reason to suspect of being the Other Power. Anyone who might have done the things we know it did: seal Stefan in the well, chase me, set those dogs on people. Anyone we've noticed behaving oddly.† â€Å"Matt,† said Bonnie, writing busily. â€Å"And Vickie. And Robert.† â€Å"Bonnie!† exclaimed Elena and Meredith simultaneously. Bonnie looked up. â€Å"Well, Matt has been acting oddly, and so has Vickie, for months now. And Robert was hanging around outside the church before the service, but he never came in-â€Å" â€Å"Oh, Bonnie, honestly,† Meredith said. â€Å"Vickie's a victim, not a suspect. And if Matt's an evil Power, I'm the hunchback of Notre Dame. And as for Robert-â€Å" â€Å"Fine, I've crossed it all out,† said Bonnie coldly. â€Å"Now let's hear your ideas.† â€Å"No, wait,† Elena said. â€Å"Bonnie, wait a moment.† She was thinking about something, something that had been nagging at her for quite a while, ever since- â€Å"Ever since the church,† she said aloud, remembering it. â€Å"Do you know, I saw Robert outside the church, too, when I was hidden in the choir loft. It was just before the dogs attacked, and he was sort of backing away like he knew what was going to happen.† â€Å"Oh, but Elena-â€Å" Soberly, after a moment's hesitation, Bonnie did. â€Å"Who else?† she said. â€Å"Well, Alaric, I'm afraid,† Elena said. â€Å"I'm sorry, Bonnie, but he's practically number one.† She told what she had overheard that morning between Alaric and the principal. â€Å"He isn't a normal history teacher; they called him here for some reason. He knows I'm a vampire, and he's looking for me. And today, while the dogs were attacking, he was standing there on the sidelines making some kind of weird gestures. He's definitely not what he seems, and the only question is: what is he? Are you listening, Meredith?† â€Å"Yes. You know, I think you should put Mrs. Flowers on that list. Remember the way she stood at the window of the boarding-house when we were bringing Stefan back from the well? But she wouldn't come downstairs to open the door for us? That's odd behavior.† Elena nodded. â€Å"Yes, and how she kept hanging up on me when I called him. And she certainly keeps to herself in that old house. She may just be a dotty old lady, but put her down anyway, Bonnie.† She ran a hand through her hair, lifting it off the back of her neck. She was hot. Or-not hot exactly, but uncomfortable in some way that was similar to being overheated. She felt parched. â€Å"All right, we'll go by the boardinghouse tomorrow before school,† Meredith said. â€Å"Meanwhile, what else can we be doing? Let's have a look at that list, Bonnie.† Bonnie held the list out so they could see it, and Elena and Meredith leaned forward and read: Matt Honeycutt Vickie Bennett Robert Maxwell-What was he doing at the church when the dogs attacked? And what was going on that night with Elena's aunt? Alaric Saltzman-Why does he ask so many questions? What was he called to Fell's Church to do? Mrs. Flowers-Why does she act so strange? Why didn't she let us in the night Stefan was wounded? â€Å"Good,† Elena said. â€Å"I guess we could also find out whose dogs were at the church today. And you can watch Alaric at school tomorrow.† â€Å"I'll watch Alaric,† Bonnie said firmly. â€Å"And I'll get him cleared of suspicion; you see if I don't.† â€Å"Fine, you do that. You can be assigned to him. And Meredith can investigate Mrs. Flowers, and I can take Robert. And as for Stefan and Damon-well, they can be assigned to everyone, because they can use their Powers to probe people's minds. Besides, that list is by no means complete. I'm going to ask them to scout around town searching for any signs of Power, or anything else weird going on. They're more likely than I am to recognize it.† â€Å"Fine, you do that. You can be assigned to him. And Meredith can investigate Mrs. Flowers, and I can take Robert. And as for Stefan and Damon-well, they can be assigned to everyone, because they can use their Powers to probe people's minds. Besides, that list is by no means complete. I'm going to ask them to scout around town searching for any signs of Power, or anything else weird going on. They're more likely than I am to recognize it.† â€Å"Elena. Elena!† Startled, Elena looked up, to see Meredith's wary dark eyes and Bonnie's alarmed expression. It was only then that she realized she was crouched close to Bonnie's wrist, rubbing the biggest vein with her finger. â€Å"Sorry,† she murmured, sitting back. But she could feel the extra length and sharpness of her canine teeth. It was something like wearing braces; she could clearly feel the difference in weight. She realized her reassuring smile at Bonnie was not having the desired effect. Bonnie was looking scared, which was silly. Bonnie ought to know that Elena would never hurt her. And Elena wasn't very hungry tonight; Elena had always been a light eater. She could get all she needed from this tiny vein here in the wrist†¦ Elena jumped to her feet and spun toward the window, leaning against the casing, feeling the cool night air blowing on her skin. She felt dizzy, and she couldn't seem to get her breath. What had she been doing? She turned around to see Bonnie huddled close to Meredith, both of them looking sick with fear. She hated having them look at her that way. â€Å"I'm sorry,† she said. â€Å"I didn't mean to, Bonnie. Look, I'm not coming any closer. I should have eaten before I came here. Damon said I'd get hungry later.† Bonnie swallowed, looking even sicker. â€Å"Eaten?† â€Å"Yes, of course,† Elena said tartly. Her veins were burning; that was what this feeling was. Stefan had described it before, but she'd never really understood; she'd never realized what he was going through when the need for blood was on him. It was terrible, irresistible. â€Å"What do you think I eat these days, air?† she added defiantly. â€Å"I'm a hunter now, and I'd better go out hunting.† Bonnie and Meredith were trying to cope; she could tell they were, but she could also see the revulsion in their eyes. She concentrated on using her new senses, in opening herself to the night and searching for Stefan's or Damon's presence. It was difficult, because neither of them was projecting with his mind as he had been the night they'd been fighting in the woods, but she thought she could sense a glimmer of Power out there in the town. When the bulb was finally screwed back in, it revealed Damon sitting casually but precariously on the sill of the open window, one knee up. He was smiling one of his wildest smiles. â€Å"Do you mind?† he said. â€Å"This is uncomfortable.† Elena glanced back at Bonnie and Meredith, who were braced against the closet, looking horrified and hypnotized at once. She herself shook her head, exasperated. â€Å"And I thought I liked to make a dramatic entrance,† she said. â€Å"Very funny, Damon. Now let's go.† â€Å"With two such beautiful friends of yours right here?† Damon smiled again at Bonnie and Meredith. â€Å"Besides, I only just got here. Won't somebody be polite and ask me in?† Bonnie's brown eyes, fixed helplessly on his face, softened a bit. Her lips, which had been parted in horror, parted further. Elena recognized the signs of imminent meltdown. â€Å"No, they won't,† she said. She put herself directly between Damon and the other girls. â€Å"Nobody here is for you, Damon-not now, not ever.† Seeing the flare of challenge in his eyes, she added archly, â€Å"And anyway, I'm leaving. I don't know about you, but I'm going hunting.† She was reassured to sense Stefan's presence nearby, on the roof probably, and to hear his instant amendment: We're going hunting, Damon. You can sit there all night if you want. Damon gave in with good grace, shooting one last amused glance toward Bonnie before disappearing from the window. Bonnie and Meredith both started forward in alarm as he did, obviously concerned that he had just fallen to his death. â€Å"He's fine,† said Elena, shaking her head again. â€Å"And don't worry, I won't let him come back. I'll meet you at the same time tomorrow. Good-bye.† â€Å"But-Elena-† Meredith stopped. â€Å"I mean, I was going to ask you if you wanted to change your clothes.† Elena regarded herself. The nineteenth-century heirloom dress was tattered and bedraggled, the thin white muslin shredded in some places. But there was no time to change it; she had to feed now. â€Å"It'll have to wait,† she said. â€Å"See you tomorrow.† And she boosted herself out of the window the way Damon had. The last she saw of them, Meredith and Bonnie were staring after her dazedly. â€Å"Your cloak,† she said, pleased. For a moment they smiled at each other, remembering the first time he had given her the cloak, after he'd saved her from Tyler in the graveyard and taken her back to his room to clean up. He'd been afraid to touch her then. But, Elena thought, smiling up into his eyes, she had taken care of that fear rather quickly. â€Å"I thought we were hunting,† Damon said. Elena turned the smile on him, without unlinking her hand from Stefan's. â€Å"We are,† she said. â€Å"Where should we go?† â€Å"Any house on this street,† Damon suggested. â€Å"The woods,† Stefan said. â€Å"The woods,† Elena decided. â€Å"We don't touch humans, and we don't kill. Isn't that how it goes, Stefan?† He returned the pressure of her fingers. â€Å"That's how it goes,† he said quietly. Damon's lip curled fastidiously. â€Å"And just what are we looking for in the woods, or don't I want to know? Muskrat? Skunk? Termites?† His eyes moved to Elena and his voice dropped. â€Å"Come with me, and I'll show you some real hunting.† â€Å"We can go through the graveyard,† Elena said, ignoring him. â€Å"White-tailed deer feed all night in the open areas,† Stefan told her, â€Å"but we'll have to be careful stalking them; they can hear almost as well as we can.† Another time, then, Damon's voice said in Elena's mind.

“Dry September” by William Faulkner

William Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897, in North Albany, Mississippi. He was Nobel Prize winner in 1950 for literature and one of the great southern writers who narrated the traditions and chauvinism of his own regional culture to describe his novels and short stories. The characters in his work are memorable forever. â€Å"Dry September† is a short story, written by him in 1931, composed in five parts. â€Å"Dry September,† is dealt about the life of white woman’s unconvinced blame of abuse against a black man and the prejudiced reaction of the townsmen.The story is about the events connected the murder of Will Mayes but the actual events of murder is not well mentioned to divert the attention of a reader towards the causes of violence psychologically as well as physical torture. George Marion O’Donnell calls Faulkner â€Å"a really traditional moralist, in the best sense† . In this story Minnie Cooper was neglected by the society and her feelings about her womanhood affected her psychologically, rather than the murder of Will Mayes.Faulkner mentioned the words like â€Å"lifeless†, â€Å"breathless†, and â€Å"dry† to symbolize the neglected value of Miss Minnie's in society because her sexual life is considered as dead. Faulkner narrates the view of Minnie's motive so unfair to the character of Will Mayes. In â€Å"Dry September† the townspeople, particularly Minnie Cooper and McLendon, give such importance to Will Mayes’s race than the quality of his moral character. This failure to understanding by other human beings was one of the major events connected to the death of Will Mayes.Miss Minnie Cooper was psychologically tortured by the society and finds it difficult to accept herself that what the society thinks about her. Ferguson asserts that Faulkner’s greatest stories—â€Å"Dry September† among them— â€Å"always deal with this fundamental human t ruth† . When her friend's children call her ‘aunty' she objects and likes to being called as cousin. She wants to change their impression of her and she wants to be liked by them. As like Will Mayes was murdered in spite of his innocence, Minnie is disgraced from the society even though she did not made any mistake.Volpe says, â€Å"the characters in Faulkner's southern society are drawn from three social levels: the aristocrats, the townspeople, and the Negroes† . Early southern society was well known for the great importance of woman's purity. An unmarried woman was supposed as pure. In this story, Faulkner narrated the role of Miss Minnie Cooper in â€Å"Dry September† as a spinster. This story is a devasting critique of the southern stories that dealt with the lives of women. The story presents Faulkner's analysis of societal supremacy based on gender.Narrating the southern society this story is a mixture of past and present events to portray the motiva tion of characters. Hence it remained as a critique of southern society. References: Ferguson, James. Faulkner’s Short Fiction. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1991. O’Donnell, George Marion. â€Å"Faulkner’s Mythology. † Faulkner: 4 Decades of Critcism. Ed. Linda Welshimer Wagner. Michigan State University Press, 1973. Volpe, Edmond. A Reader's Guide to William Faulkner. New York: Octagon, 1974.